Bronze medal, 30mm, with original ribbon, very fine; this extremely rare medal was probably intended to be awarded to Chinese collaborators.

Merit Medal, Second Class, in matte silver, 31mm, extremely fine, in fitted case of issue, rare.

Merit Medal, First Class, in gilded silver, 31mm, extremely fine, in fitted case of issue, rare.

Eight Class Badge, in silver, 46mm, mint condition, in case of issue.

Charles Andrew Willoughby, U.S. Army, from Chairman E. Tanaka, Federation of Autonomous Police Chief of Japan; silver medal, partially gilded, set with red cabochon glass, 39mm x 50mm, very fine. Charles Andrew Willoughby was a Major General in the U.S. Army serving as General Douglas MacArthur’s Chief of Intelligence during most of World War II and the Korean Conflict. Willoughby claimed to have been born Adolf Karl (or Charles) Tscheppe-Weidenbach in the town of Heidelberg, Germany. There are numerous versions of his early life in Germany, both from him, and others. He also made claims that he had three older brothers in the German Army, and made different assertions as to whether his mother was German and/or American. On immigration to the US in 1910, he enlisted in the US Army first as a Private and rose to the rank of Sergeant and was honorably discharged. After discharge as a Sergeant in the US Army in 1913 he entered Gettysburg College with the specific intention to earn a B.A. degree and re-apply to the US Army for an officer’s commission. After graduation from college he spent three years teaching German and military studies. At this time he was also applying for a permanent commission as an officer to the US Army. During this period he engaged in various pro-German activities (including the publication of newspaper articles) which aroused the deep suspicion of a number of his colleagues and ultimately attracted the attention of the precursor to the FBI. He eventually did win a permanent commission to the US Army, under the name of Adolph C. Weidenbach and rose to Captain and served in WW I in the AEF (he changed his name, it is thought, at some point in the 1920’s to Charles Willoughby. With respect to the recently released FBI files, it is clear Weidenbach was recalled to Washington in 1917 from overseas service as the aforementioned suspicions and investigation as to his sympathies for the Germans gained credence. The FBI files investigating him document active pro-German sentiment on Weidenbach’s part and also outline the twisted and uneven nature of Willoughby’s/Weidenbach’s stated background. During this period of investigation, which lasted about 18 months, Weidenbach lived in Washington while suffering self described “backwater” postings. How and why the investigation was terminated or ended is unclear. The FBI files which were compiled between 1916 and 1918, long before Willoughby/Weibenbach was even remotely near his later historical stature, clearly paint a picture of an individual with a less than clear background and very pro-German sympathies. It is extremely hard to fathom how the person portrayed in the released files later changed his name, continued to show fascist sympathies, and subsequently rose to be one of the most important figures in American military intelligence in World War Two. MacArthur was aware of Willoughby's attitudes referring to him as "my pet fascist”. Willoughby has been criticized for his actions as General MacArthur’s chief of intelligence during the early months of the Korean War. After his retirement, Willoughby traveled to Spain and became an unofficial advisor to the Spanish dictator Franco. In his later years, Willoughby would publish the Foreign Intelligence Digest newspaper. He died in 1972.

Commemorative Medal for the His Majesty’s the Emperor Visit to The Double Bridge of the Imperial Palace 1937; bronze medal, on incorrect ribbon, very fine condition and scarce.

In gilded bronze, 30mm, on original ribbon, complete with hook and eye, good very fine.

Merit Medal, in black lacquered bronze, 30mm, complete with hook and eye, extremely fine.

Medal 1940; in aluminum bronze alloy, 30mm, with original ribbon, extremely fine.

Silver medal, 30mm, issued in 1928, in preparation for the enthronement ceremonies of Emperor Hirohito. On original ribbon complete with hook and eye, good very fine.

Sixth Class badge, in silver and enamels, 46mm (x71mm including suspension), extremely fine condition, with wrapping paper of issue.

Bronze medal, 30mm, with original ribbon, very fine; this extremely rare medal was probably intended to be awarded to Chinese collaborators.

Badge in silver and enamels (31 x 31mm). “ Sen’ Sho” type (for those wounded in the battle. In very fine condition.

Branch of the Army; in silver, obverse with thin layer of copper and silver, hallmarked, 33mmx55mm, excellent details and superb quality, numbered, extremely fine condition and very rare (in case of issue, case good condition).

Eight Class, in silver, crown in gilt, 38mmx47mm, die struck of very fine quality and crisp details, on original ribbon as worn, extremely fine condition and rare.

of the State; Grand Cross set of insignia, comprising: Badge, in silver gilt and enamels, 63x68mm, stamped “M” on the top of the suspension knob (for Osaka Mint), toned good very fine; Star, in silver, silver gilt and enamels, 80.5mm, toned extremely fine. Circa 1941. Set comes with post 1945 made sash ribbon. Rare.

Breast Star, first or second class, in silver, silver gilt and enamels, of very fine quality manufacture, 91mm, convexed, minor enamel flaking on the right arm, hairline cracks on the lower arm, very fine condition and very rare.

Medal 1940; in aluminum bronze alloy, 30mm, with original ribbon, extremely fine.

In bronze, 30mm, with original ribbon with hook and eye, very fine.

Bronze, 30mm, with original ribbon complete with hook and eye, very fine.

Commemorative Medal 1930; in silver and enamels, 33x48mm, very fine.

Third Class Commander’s Neck Badge in silver gilt and enamels, of fine quality make, with full length of original beck ribbon, very fine condition.

Small medal (20x25mm) given to Officers of U.S. White Fleet on its visit to Japan in 1908, in silver and enamels, very fine.

Commemorative Medal 1940; in silver plated bronze, 30mm, with original ribbon, extremely fine, scarce.

Commemorative Medal 1935; in silver, 30x41mm, with original ribbon, extremely fine, scarce.

Fireman’s commemorative badge: obverse: Autonomous fire fighting 10th anniversary commemoration 1958.3.7. Reverse: Shimane prefecture fire fighting association.

Official Japanese striking, on original ribbon complete with hook and eye, extremely fine.

Breast star, first or second class, 76mm, Japanese characters on reverse, with four small rivets, and privately scratched (?) characters, no enamel damage, extremely fine.

Bronze Medal, 30mm, original ribbon with hook and eye, extremely fine and scarce.

In bronze, original ribbon, old repair at suspension, otherwise very fine.

In dark bronze, 30mm, original ribbon with hook and eye, very fine.

In dark bronze, original ribbon with hook and eye, extremely fine.

In silver, 30mm, original ribbon with hook and eye, Repair at suspension, otherwise very fine.